THE EFFECTS OF RELATIONS IN FARMING TRADE WITH USA ON EEC AGRICULTURAL POLICIES

Agricultural and Food Policy,

Secondary attack rates in primary and secondary school bubbles following a confirmed case: Active, prospective national surveillance, November to December 2020, England.

BACKGROUND: Following the full re-opening of schools in England and emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant, we investigated the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in students and staff who were contacts of a confirmed case in a school bubble (school groupings with limited interactions), along with their household members. METHODS: Primary and secondary school bubbles were recruited into sKIDsBUBBLE after being sent home to self-isolate following a confirmed case of COVID-19 in the bubble. Bubble participants and their household members were sent home-testing kits comprising nasal swabs for RT-PCR testing and whole genome sequencing, and oral fluid swabs for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. RESULTS: During November-December 2020, 14 bubbles were recruited from 7 schools, including 269 bubble contacts (248 students, 21 staff) and 823 household contacts (524 adults, 299 children). The secondary attack rate was 10.0% (6/60) in primary and 3.9% (4/102) in secondary school students, compared to 6.3% (1/16) and 0% (0/1) among staff, respectively. The incidence rate for household contacts of primary school students was 6.6% (12/183) and 3.7% (1/27) for household contacts of primary school staff. In secondary schools, this was 3.5% (11/317) and 0% (0/1), respectively. Household contacts were more likely to test positive if their bubble contact tested positive although there were new infections among household contacts of uninfected bubble contacts. INTERPRETATION: Compared to other institutional settings, the overall risk of secondary infection in school bubbles and their household contacts was low. Our findings are important for developing evidence-based infection prevention guidelines for educational settings

THE WOOL BOARD'S SECOND REPORT ON MARKETING: A REVIEW ARTICLE

The second report on Wool Marketing by the Australian Wool Board is critically appraised. Particular attention is given to the proposals for elimination of small lots, price averaging and supply management. The presumption that price stabilization is good and the conclusion that private buying is bad are also discussed in detail

A Study of Retail Prices of Groceries in Relation to Standard Price Theory

Data from a survey of self-service grocery stores in New South Wales and Victoria is used to show that the surface of prices is not well explained by simple price theory. Also examined and tenatively explained are price differences between chain and non-chain stores and between metropolitan and rural stores; the roles of different products in store pricing; and the nature of price competition in local markets

The Future of the Common Agricultural Policy

This article summarises the forces for change in the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community and the political limits upon it, together with some recent developments which contribute to their understanding. The emphasis in the paper, as in Community politics, is on budgetary and environmental pressures rather than on issues of efficiency or international trade. The institutions and shibboleths which encourage the conservation of a policy which is in most respects inefficient, inequitable and ineffective are explained, with particular attention to the processes of fixing prices and budgets and the profoundly different objectives of Community member countries

The Future of the Common Agricultural Policy

This article summarises the forces for change in the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Economic Community and the political limits upon it, together with some recent developments which contribute to their understanding. The emphasis in the paper, as in Community politics, is on budgetary and environmental pressures rather than on issues of efficiency or international trade. The institutions and shibboleths which encourage the conservation of a policy which is in most respects inefficient, inequitable and ineffective are explained, with particular attention to the processes of fixing prices and budgets and the profoundly different objectives of Community member countries.Agricultural and Food Policy,

THE WOOL BOARD'S SECOND REPORT ON MARKETING: A REVIEW ARTICLE

The second report on Wool Marketing by the Australian Wool Board is critically appraised. Particular attention is given to the proposals for elimination of small lots, price averaging and supply management. The presumption that price stabilization is good and the conclusion that private buying is bad are also discussed in detail.Marketing,